[:en]Yuen Long[:zh]元朗[:]
[:en]
Yuen Long (Chinese: 元朗), formerly Un Long, is an area and town on the Yuen Long Plain located in the New Territories West, Hong Kong. To its west lie Hung Shui Kiu (洪水橋) and Ha Tsuen, to the south Shap Pat Heung and Tai Tong, to the east Au Tau and Kam Tin (錦田), and to the north Nam Sang Wai.
Name
The Cantonese name Yuen Long 元朗 may, depending on context, refer to the limits of the original market town, Yuen Long New Town, Yuen Long Plain or Yuen Long District.
Market town
The central part of Yuen Long was traditionally a market town in the area now known as Yuen Long San Hui (元朗新墟), in Yuen Long District in the New Territories West in Hong Kong. The site of the market town was situated centrally with regard to surrounding villages, allowing villagers a convenient location to sell their crops and fish.
The market is a place to allow people from villages in northwest New Territories to shop and trade. Like many market towns in Hong Kong, the market operates only on certain days each week.
Now, the central part of Yuen Long does not have that kind of market anymore. On the contrary, Modern shopping malls and various types of restaurants are established.
New towns
Two new towns have been developed in Yuen Long since the 1970s:
Yuen Long New Town was developed by the market town in the late 1970s and early 1980s.
Tin Shui Wai New Town was established in the 1990s to the west of Yuen Long New Town, as separate from Yuen Long New Town. It is mostly residential.
There are Light Rail Transit and several bus routes serving between the two towns.
Housing estate
Private residential estate Fairview Park is located in the northeast part of Yuen Long.
History
The original Yuen Long Town was not located in the busiest place of present-day Yuen Long, namely Yuen Long Main Road (元朗大馬路), part of Castle Peak Road.
The earliest market in Yuen Long was situated south of the main road near Tai Kei Leng. In 1669 the market was moved north to the area near where the present-day MTR station is situated. This was done for political reasons. This area is now known as Yuen Long Kau Hui (元朗舊墟, lit. “old Yuen Long Town”). This market is sited south of a small hill. While it is far from the coast today, it was beside the seashore when the market was first built.
Cheung Shing Street, which separates Nam Pin Wai and Sai Pin Wai, divides the centre of the market. Temples were built for worship and to judge disputes. After the British leased the New Territories in 1898, they built Castle Peak Road to connect major areas of the New Territories and Kowloon. The villagers proposed and moved the market town to the main road. After the Second World War, Yuen Long Town dramatically increased in size, going from a small village into a large town known for its numerous cultural and sporting events.
Climate
| [hide]Climate data for Yuen Long | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 19.2 (66.6) |
19.1 (66.4) |
21.8 (71.2) |
25.5 (77.9) |
29.0 (84.2) |
30.8 (87.4) |
31.8 (89.2) |
31.7 (89.1) |
30.8 (87.4) |
28.4 (83.1) |
24.7 (76.5) |
21.0 (69.8) |
26.2 (79.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 15.5 (59.9) |
15.8 (60.4) |
18.6 (65.5) |
22.4 (72.3) |
26.0 (78.8) |
28.0 (82.4) |
28.7 (83.7) |
28.7 (83.7) |
27.7 (81.9) |
24.9 (76.8) |
20.9 (69.6) |
17.1 (62.8) |
22.9 (73.2) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 11.8 (53.2) |
12.5 (54.5) |
15.4 (59.7) |
19.4 (66.9) |
23.1 (73.6) |
25.2 (77.4) |
25.7 (78.3) |
25.7 (78.3) |
24.6 (76.3) |
21.4 (70.5) |
17.2 (63) |
13.2 (55.8) |
19.6 (67.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 27 (1.06) |
45 (1.77) |
71 (2.8) |
159 (6.26) |
263 (10.35) |
327 (12.87) |
320 (12.6) |
336 (13.23) |
225 (8.86) |
96 (3.78) |
36 (1.42) |
28 (1.1) |
1,933 (76.1) |
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Tourism projects
(Cable Car and Po Lin Monastery are NOT in Yuen Long) In 2002, the Hong Kong government announced that the MTR Corporation (MTRC) had secured the rights to run a cable car which formed part of a HK$750 million tourism project scheduled for completion in August 2005. Under the plan, a theme village would be built at Ngong Ping along a ‘tourist corridor’, with 6,000 square metres of shop space and an 18,600-square-metre piazza between the cable car terminal and the Po Lin Monastery. A 5.5 km cable car line, jointly managed by the MTRC and Skyrail-ITM of Australia, would link it to Tung Chung Station, in the vicinity of Hong Kong International Airport. Government-funded infrastructure works were estimated to cost $70 million.[1]
The MTRC were granted the rights to develop and run businesses within the tourist corridor, which religious groups feared could destroy the area’s religious environment, and threaten the closure of the Po Lin Monastery by draining their revenues. Environmental groups also expressed concerns about the project: the Conservancy Association feared the project would endanger woodland and brooks nearby, by threatening butterfly-habitat. The government, however, said it had considered the views of religious and green groups, and reassured that the design would “preserve the tranquil atmosphere.” The Travel Industry Council welcomed the “long overdue” project; the MTRC said the project would create 300 jobs.[1]
Facilities and tourist attractions opened in 2005 include the Ngong Ping Village, Walking with the Buddha, A tale of monkey’s theatre and Ngong Ping tea house.
Cross-border activities
Due to their proximity to the Shenzhen border in China’s Guangdong province, towns in the northern parts of Hong Kong, notably Sheung Shui and Yuen Long, have become hubs for parallel traders who have been buying up large quantities of goods, forcing up local prices and disrupting the daily lives of local citizens.[2][3] Since 2012, there has been a vertiginous increase in Chinese parallel traders arriving in the North District of Hong Kong to re-export infant formula and household products – goods popular with the Chinese – across the border to Shenzhen.[4] Trafficking caused chronic local shortages of milk powder in Hong Kong, which led the government to impose restrictions on the amount of milk powder exports from Hong Kong.[5]
The first anti-parallel trading protest was started at Sheung Shui in September 2012.[6] As government efforts to limit the adverse impact of Chinese trafficking were widely seen as inadequate, there have been further subsequent protests in towns in the North District including Sheung Shui.[7][8] A campaign called Liberate Yuen Long was mounted on 1 March 2015 by localist groups to protest smuggling and parallel trading.
Public transport
The following information show transportation in Yuen Long.
Inside Yuen Long Town
Buses
- KMB routes 53, 54, 64K, 68A, 68E, 68F, 68M, 68X, 76K, 77K, 264R, 268B, 268C, 268P, 268X, 269D, 276, 276P, 869, 968, 968X, B1, N269, N368
- Route B1 to Lok Ma Chau Station Control Point, a customs checkpoint between Hong Kong and China
- MTR Bus routes K65, K66, K68, K73, K74
- Long Win Bus routes A36, E34B, E34P, N30, N30S, NA34
- New Lantao Bus route B2
- Route B2 to Shenzhen Bay Port, a customs checkpoint between Hong Kong and China
Rail
- MTR West Rail Line
- Light Rail routes 610, 614, 615 and 761P
Outside Yuen Long Town (except via Yuen Long Town)
Buses
- KMB routes 51, 64S, 69C, 69M, 69P, 69X, 251A, 251B, 251M, 265B, 265M, 265S, 269A, 269B, 269C, 269M, 269P, 276A, 276B
- MTR Bus routes K75, K75A, K75P
- Long Win Bus routes A37, E34A, E34X
- New Lantao Bus routes B2P, B2X
- Routes B2P and B2X to Shenzhen Bay Port, a customs checkpoint between Hong Kong and China
- Citybus routes 967, 967X, 969, 969A, 969B, 969C, 969P, 969X, N969
Rail
- MTR West Rail Line
- Light Rail routes 705, 706 and 751
Demographics
Yuen Long residents are mainly local ethnic Han with a sizable Hoa immigrants, Vietnamese Chinese from the 1970s to 1990s.
Education
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[:zh]
元朗（英语：Yuen Long；1960年代以前作“Un Long”[註 1]）是香港新界元朗區的主要區域，是一個沖積平原。遠自宋朝，鄧氏家族即已遷入岑田（今日錦田）居住，現時人口約53萬。區內也有些漁塘和田地，但因人口愈來愈多，城市化更趨嚴重，以致漁塘和田地面積陸續減少。元朗市中心以唐樓居多，近年政府致力發展元朗，現在市中心外圍已有較多新住宅大廈落成。
目录
语源学
根據《新安縣誌》或其他古地圖，元朗最先是寫作圓蓢，然後變成元塱，再變成今日的寫法。「圓」是完整、豐滿的意思，「塱」則是開朗的土地或是高起之江岸。元朗是指給左起凹頭的蠔殼山，右至屯門的大頭山的一連串山丘，像一個圓圈地圍繞著的平地，從字面上推測，古時元朗是一塊水源充足的沼澤低地。
歷史
元朗自新石器時代已有人居住，秦朝時已隨香港地區一起併入中國版圖，在歷代行政分區的變易中，隸屬廣東省之下的一個縣份。現有的原居民有北宋時期南移的鄧氏、宋末文天祥後裔的文氏。其中北宋鄧符協是江西吉水人，是香港元朗區鄧氏的始祖。
元朗居民過去主要以務農為生，亦有漁業和生產鹽與珍珠。元朗過去盛產稻米，當地生產的“元朗絲苗”曾是香港人最愛的米食，主要供應上水和沙頭角，甚至遠銷至南洋。明朝嘉靖年間，由於南頭一帶發生饑民搶米暴動，眾多鄉紳請求在當地建縣。因此明朝政府於萬曆元年從東莞縣劃出56里、7608戶，共33,791人，成立新安縣，縣治設在南頭。自此由明神宗萬曆元年（1573年）起，到清宣宗道光21年（1841年）成為英國殖民地為止，元朗地區一直屬廣州府新安縣管轄。此前，清初的海禁政策和為對付鄭成功而實施的遷界行動一度使元朗變得荒涼。
古時疍家在元朗和流上通南坑其中稱爲「大樹」的地方建成一小廟，以祭祀天后；這就是今天十八鄉大旗嶺大樹下天后廟的基礎。由於該廟居於一棵方圓數百尺、濃蔭蔽日的大樹之下，故得此名。大樹下天后廟曾多次重修：清朝咸豐、光緒時和1962年颱風溫黛襲港後各大修一次。大樹四週本是一片澤國，西面是蛋家灣，東面是蛋家埔。後來由於人口和商務增多，元朗舊墟的前身大橋墩墟于焉成立。《新安縣誌》中清楚紀錄「大橋墩墟：附峰 圓蓢」。
關於元朗墟的歷史，請參見元朗墟
地理
元朗是香港十八區中元朗區的主要部分，大致位於山貝河沿岸的已建區，北至新田和米埔，西接洪水橋和屏山，西北接天水圍，南面有十八鄉和大棠，東至錦田和八鄉。
氣候
| [隐藏]元朗气候平均数据 | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 月份 | 1月 | 2月 | 3月 | 4月 | 5月 | 6月 | 7月 | 8月 | 9月 | 10月 | 11月 | 12月 | 全年 |
| 平均高温 ℃（℉） | 19.2 (66.6) |
19.1 (66.4) |
21.8 (71.2) |
25.5 (77.9) |
29.0 (84.2) |
30.8 (87.4) |
31.8 (89.2) |
31.7 (89.1) |
30.8 (87.4) |
28.4 (83.1) |
24.7 (76.5) |
21.0 (69.8) |
26.2 (79.2) |
| 每日平均气温 ℃（℉） | 15.5 (59.9) |
15.8 (60.4) |
18.6 (65.5) |
22.4 (72.3) |
26.0 (78.8) |
28.0 (82.4) |
28.7 (83.7) |
28.7 (83.7) |
27.7 (81.9) |
24.9 (76.8) |
20.9 (69.6) |
17.1 (62.8) |
22.9 (73.2) |
| 平均低温 ℃（℉） | 11.8 (53.2) |
12.5 (54.5) |
15.4 (59.7) |
19.4 (66.9) |
23.1 (73.6) |
25.2 (77.4) |
25.7 (78.3) |
25.7 (78.3) |
24.6 (76.3) |
21.4 (70.5) |
17.2 (63) |
13.2 (55.8) |
19.6 (67.3) |
| 平均降水量 mm（英寸） | 27 (1.06) |
45 (1.77) |
71 (2.8) |
159 (6.26) |
263 (10.35) |
327 (12.87) |
320 (12.6) |
336 (13.23) |
225 (8.86) |
96 (3.78) |
36 (1.42) |
28 (1.1) |
1,933 (76.1) |
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對外交通
由於地理上的阻隔，過去由元朗來往九龍市區，一是取道狹窄的青山公路，繞經屯門、深井和荃灣；一是取道荃錦公路，蜿蜒越過大帽山；就算是1980年代，屯門公路全綫通車，仍不免要繞經屯門。踏入1990年代初，因屯門公路擠塞嚴重，而荃灣、西九龍走廊、紅磡海底隧道的擠塞亦不遑多讓；前往九龍、港島的一條相對暢通的路徑，就是取道新田公路、粉嶺公路、吐露港公路、大老山隧道、觀塘繞道、東區海底隧道和東區走廊，全程繞經了半個香港，路途遙遠，行車時間十分長。
直到1998年5月，三號幹綫正式通車，再配合汀九橋、西九龍公路及西區海底隧道，來往九龍、香港島和香港國際機場的路程大大縮短，巴士路綫版圖大幅擴張，同樣亦減輕大老山隧道、東隧等交通要道的流量負荷；再加上2003年12月九廣西鐵（今「西鐵綫」）正式啟用，2009年該綫更延長至紅磡，在十數年間，元朗交通已大大改善，進出九龍市區半個小時已可做到。
一般人對西鐵綫定綫有很大誤解。一般人誤以為現時西鐵綫「荃灣 – 元朗 – 屯門」的定線是「迂迴」；然而，這其實是遠比「荃灣 – 屯門 – 元朗」的定綫短和直接的。
市中心
現時元朗的區域中心位於青山公路元朗段（慣稱「元朗大馬路」）兩側，通稱元朗市中心或元朗市，所指的是該處的一些已發展區。那裡是元朗最繁盛的地方，商業活動頻繁，亦是區內的交通樞紐，也是元朗新市鎮的核心部分。著名街道有教育路和又新街（又稱元朗食街）。恆香老婆餅是知名的地道食品。
隨著元朗南的發展，元朗的範圍還在擴展中。不過，約定俗成的「元朗市中心」，仍是指元朗大馬路、教育路、大棠路、谷亭街和安寧路沿線，有時加上朗屏邨及西鐵綫元朗站一帶。而元朗工業邨、元朗東雞地、元朗公園一帶，以及元朗南的新發展區，雖然算是「元朗新市鎮」的構成部份，但一般不會視為「市中心」。
除了元朗市中心外，另外也有一些次區域中心，例如天水圍新市鎮、洪水橋、屏山、流浮山、廈村市、大棠、元朗工業邨和錦田市等等。
新市鎮發展
註釋
讀作U-N Long，即連續讀出U和N兩個英文字母，以此發出「元」的近似音。
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